1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Statement issued October 1991. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm. Accessed in July 2007.

2. Blood lead levels—United States, 1999–2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2005;54(20):513–516.

3. Ferber D. Overhaul of CDC panel revives lead safety debate. Science. 2002;298(5594):732.

4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Public Health Assessment for Omaha Lead Refinery, Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska; EPA facility ID: NESFN0703481. June 7, 2004. Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/PHA/omahalead/omahalead.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

5. Washington State Department of Ecology. Everett smelter site (Everett, Washington) integrated final cleanup action plan and final environmental impact statement for the upland area. Vol. 2, appendix B: Responsiveness survey. November 19, 1999.

6. Staff of Rep. Markey EJ (D-MA-7). Turning lead into gold: How the Bush administration is poisoning the Lead Advisory Committee at the CDC [report]. October 8, 2002.

7. Weiss R. HHS seeks science advice to match Bush views. Washington Post. September 17, 2002:A1.

8. Tumulty K. Jesus and the FDA. Time. October 5, 2002.

9. On health and medicine: When politics trumps science. San Francisco Chronicle. January 5, 2003.

10. Couzin J. Plan B: A collision of science and politics. Science. 2005;310(5745):38–39

11. Michaels D, Bingham E, Boden L et al. Advice without dissent. Science. 2002;298(5594):703.

12. Howard III WE. Advice without dissent at the DOD. Science. 2002;298(5597):1334–35.

13. Loomis D. Unpopular opinions need not apply. Science. 2002;298(5597):1335–36.

14. U.S. General Accounting Office. Federal advisory committees: Additional guidance could help agencies better ensure independence and balance. Washington, DC; April 2004. Report no. GAO-04–328.

15. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). AAAS Resolution Regarding Membership On Federal Advisory Committees. Approved March 3, 2003. Available at: http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2003/0305fair2.shtml. Accessed in June 2007.

16. American Public Health Association. Policy resolution 2003–6: Ensuring the scientific credibility of government public health advisory committees. Adopted by the Governing Council November 18, 2003.

17. National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine. Science and technology in the national interest: Ensuring the best presidential and advisory committee appointments. Washington, DC:National Academies Press, 2005.

18. Kennedy D. An epidemic of politics. Science. 2003;299(5607):625.

19. Kennedy D. ‘‘Well, they were doing it, too.’’ Science. 2003;302(5642):17.

20. Federal Advisory Committee Act. Public law no. 92–463, 1972.

21. Steinbrook R. Science, politics, and federal advisory committees. NEJM. 2004;350(14):1454–60.

22. Blackburn E. Bioethics and the political distortion of biomedical science. NEJM. 2004;350(14):1379–80.

23. Kass L. We don’t play politics with science. Washington Post. March 3, 2004:A27.

24. Brumfiel G. Energy secretary ditches science advisers. Nature. 2006;440:725.

25. Gray G, Wehrum W (assistant administrator, EPA Office of Research and Development, and acting assistant administrator, EPA Office of Air and Radiation, respectively). Letter to Peacock M (deputy administrator, EPA). Re: Review of process for setting national ambient air quality standards. April 3, 2006. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/naaqs_process_report_march2006_cover.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

26. Gelbspan R. Snowed. Mother Jones. May/June 2005.

27. Luntz F. Memo: The environment: A cleaner, safer, healthier America; ca.2003. Available at: http://www.ewg.org:16080/briefings/luntzmemo. Accessed in June 2007.

28. Mooney C. Some like it hot. Mother Jones. May/June 2005.

29. ExxonMobil. Global climate science communications: Action plan. April 3, 1998. Available at: http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/3860_GlobalClimateSciencePlanMemo.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

30. Randol R (ExxonMobil, Washington office). Facsimile to Howard J (Council on Environmental Quality). Re: Bush team for IPCC negotiations. February 6, 2001. Available at: http://www.nrdc.org/media/docs/020403.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

31. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2001: Third assessment report. 2001.

32. Bridgeland JM, Edson G (deputy assistant to the president for Domestic Policy and director, Domestic Policy Council; deputy assistant to the president for International Economic Affairs, respectively). Letter to Alberts B (National Academy of Sciences). May 11, 2001. In National Academy of Sciences, Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 2001:27.

33. National Research Council. Climate change science: An analysis of some key questions. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.

34. Letter from President Bush GW to Sens. Hagel, Helms, Craig, and Roberts. March 13, 2001.  Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/03/20010314.html. Accessed in June 2007.

35. Gelbspan R. Boiling Point: How Politicians, Big Oil and Coal, Journalists, and Activists Have Fueled the Climate Crisis—and What We Can Do to Avert Disaster. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

36. Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). Scientific integrity in policymaking: an investigation into the Bush administration’s misuse of science. March 2004.

37. Stephenson JB (Director, Natural Resources and the Environment, U.S. General Accounting Office). Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate. Climate change: Preliminary observations on the administration’s February 2002 climate initiative. October 1, 2003. Report no. GAO-04–131T.

38. Revkin AC. Climate expert says NASA tried to silence him. New York Times. January 29, 2006.

39. Revkin AC. NASA chief backs agency openness. New York Times. February 4, 2006.

40. Revkin AC. Call for openness at NASA adds to reports of pressure. New York Times. February 16, 2006.

41. Revkin AC. A young Bush appointee resigns his post at NASA. New York Times. February 8, 2006.

42. Regalado A, Carlton J. Politics and economics: Agency retreats from discounting global warming; hurricane dispute becomes flashpoint as scientists decry White House policies. Wall Street Journal. February 16, 2006:A4.

43. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Statement on scientific openness. February 4, 2006. Available at: http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/griffin_science.html. Accessed in June 2007.

44. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Message from the under secretary: Encouragement of scientific debate and transparency within NOAA. February 14, 2006. Available at: http://www.peer.org/docs/noaa/06_15_2_sci_open.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

45. Revkin AC. Bush aide softened greenhouse gas links to global warming. New York Times. June 8, 2005:A1.

46. Revkin AC. Former Bush aide who edited reports is hired by Exxon. New York Times. June 15, 2005.

47. White House Office of the Press Secretary. President Bush meets with supporters of U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan [transcript]. June 26, 2006. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/06/20060626–2.html. Accessed in June 2007.

48. Oral Arguments for Massachusetts et al. v. Environmental Protection Agency et al. [Supreme Court transcript]. November 29, 2006. Available at: http://www.supremecourtus.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/05–1120.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

49. Mufson S, Eilperin J. Energy firms come to terms with climate change. Washington Post. November 25, 2006:A1.

50. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 3d ed. Vol. 1: Recommendations. Geneva, Switzerland; 2004.

51. National Research Council. Arsenic in drinking water: 2001 update. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.

52. Walsh E. Arsenic drinking water standard issued; after seven-month scientific review, EPA backs Clinton-established levels. Washington Post. June 8, 2001; section A:A31.

53. Mooney C. The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books; 2005.

54. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Clean Air Act: Observations on EPA’s cost-benefit analysis of its mercury control options. February 2005. Report no. GAO-05–252.

55. Eilperin J. Report accuses EPA of slanting analysis; Hill researchers say agency fixed pollution study to favor Bush’s ‘‘Clear Skies.’’ Washington Post. December 3, 2005:A8.

56. Miller AC, Hamburger T. EPA relied on industry for plywood plant pollution rule. Los Angeles Times. May 21, 2004.

57. Hauptmann M, Lubin JH, Stewart PA et al. Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers in formaldehyde industries. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(21):1615–23.

58. Pinkerton LE, Hein MJ, Stayner LT. Mortality among a cohort of garment workers exposed to formaldehyde: An update. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(3):193–200.

59. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 88: Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol. December 2006.

60. Trombulak SC, Wilcove DS, Male TD. Science as a smoke screen. Science. 2006;312(5776):973.

61. Michaels D. Statement before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources’ oversight hearing: The impact of science on public policy. February 4, 2004.

62. H.R. 1662. Sound Science for Endangered Species Act Planning Act of 2003. Introduced April 8, 2003, by Rep. Walden G (R-OR-2).

63. H.R. 3824. Threatened and Endangered Species Recovery Act of 2005. Introduced September 19, 2005, by Rep. Pombo RW (R-CA-11).

64. Cart J. Land study on grazing denounced: Two retired specialists say Interior excised their warnings on the effects on wildlife and water. Los Angeles Times. June 18, 2005.

65. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Press release: FDA announces framework for moving emergency contraception medication to over-the-counter status. Issued July 31, 2006. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01421.html. Accessed in June 2007.

66. Trussell J, Hatcher RA, Cates Jr. W et al. Contraceptive failure in the United States: An update. Studies in Family Planning. 1990;21(1):51–54.

67. Jones EF, Forrest JD. Contraceptive failure rates based on the 1988 NSFG. Family Planning Perspectives. 1992;24(1):12–19.

68. U.S. House Committee on Governmental Reform, minority staff. The content of federally funded abstinence-only education programs (report prepared for Rep. Waxman HA). 2004. Available at: http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20041201102153-50247.pdf. Accessed in February 2008.

69. Stein R. Health experts criticize changes in STD panel. Washington Post. May 9, 2006:A3.

70. American Medical Association. Resolution 443: FDA rejection of over-the-counter status for emergency contraception pills. June 2004. Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/15/res_hod443_a04.doc. Accessed in June 2007.

71. Malec K. The abortion–breast cancer link: How politics trumped science and informed consent. J Am Physicians and Surgeons. 2003;8(2):41–45.

72. U.S. House Committee on Governmental Reform, minority staff. False and misleading information provided by federally funded pregnancy resource centers (report prepared for Rep. Waxman HA). July 2006. Available at: http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20060717101140-30092.pdf. Accessed in February 2008.

73. Keiger D. Political science. Johns Hopkins Magazine. 2004;56(5).

74. U.S. General Accounting Office. Needle exchange programs: Research suggests promise as an AIDS prevention strategy. March 1993. Report no. GAO/HRD-93-60.

75. Lurie P, Reingold AL, Bowser B et al. The public health impact of needle exchange programs in the United States and abroad: Summary, conclusions, and recommendations. Prepared by the School of Public Health, University of California–Berkeley, and the Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California–San Francisco, for the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). October 1993. Available at: http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/pubs/reports/pdf/NEPReportSummary1993.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

76. Experts blast Shalala on needle exchange remarks. AIDS Alert. 1996;11(3):33–34.

77. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Press release: Research shows needle exchange programs reduce HIV infections without increasing drug use. Issued April 20, 1998. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/1998pres/980420a.html. Accessed in June 2007.

78. Pear R. Inquiry confirms top Medicare official threatened actuary over cost of drug benefits. New York Times. July 7, 2004.

79. Pear R. New White House estimate lifts drug benefit cost to $720 billion. New York Times. February 9, 2005.

80. Jacoby M. EU chemicals proposal prompts global mobilization led by U.S. Wall Street Journal. June 27, 2006:A6.

81. SourceWatch. C. Boyden Gray. 2006. Available at: http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=C._Boyden_Gray. Accessed in June 2007.

82. World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases: Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva, Switzerland, 2003.

83. Steiger WR (special assistant to the Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Letter to Lee JW (director general, WHO). January 5, 2004. Available at: http://www.commercialalert.org/bushadmincomment.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

84. Dyer O. U.S. government rejects WHO’s attempts to improve diet. BMJ. 2004;328(7433):185.

85. Dyer O. United States wins more time to lobby against WHO diet plan. BMJ. 2004;328(7434):245.

86. Avorn J (professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School, and chief, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital). Letter to Rep. Waxman H (D-CA-30). May 25, 2006. Available at: http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20060626111957-56484.pdf. Accessed in February 2008.

87. U.S. House Committee on Governmental Reform, minority staff. Prescription for harm: The decline in FDA enforcement activity (report prepared for Rep. Waxman HA). June 2006. Available at: http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20060627101434-98349.pdf. Accessed in February 2008.

88. Goozner M. FDA seeking early retirements. GoozNews [blog]. June 23, 2006. Available at: http://www.gooznews.com/archives/000432.html. Accessed in June 2007.

89. Union of Concerned Scientists, Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Survey Summary. 2005. Available at: http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/interference/us-fishwildlife-service-survey.html. Accessed in June 2007.

90. Union of Concerned Scientists. Summary of National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service Scientist Survey. 2005.

91. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. Public law no. 99– 499, 1986.

92. Graham M. Regulation by shaming. Atlantic Monthly. 2000;285(4):36–40.

93. Alert: EPA proposes rollback on toxic pollution reporting. OMB Watch. 2005;6(20). Available at: http://www.ombwatch.org/article/articleview/3117/1/396. Accessed in June 2007.

94. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program. TRI chemical list changes (1987–2005). Available at: http://www.epa.gov/triinter/chemical/ChemListChanges05.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.

95. Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Comments on the Toxics Release Inventory burden reduction proposed rule. Fed. Reg. October 4, 2005;70:57822. January 12, 2006. Submitted to Docket EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073. Document no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073–1958.1.

96. National Association of Manufacturers. Comments on Toxics Release Inventory burden reduction: Proposed rule. January 10, 2005. Docket no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073. Document no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005–0073–3022.

97. Edison Electric Institute. Comments on ‘‘Toxics Release Inventory burden reduction proposed rule.’’ January 13, 2006. Docket no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073. Document no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073–2720.1.

98. Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association (SOCMA). Comments on the Toxics Release Inventory burden reduction proposed rule (10/04/05, 70 FR 57822). January 13, 2005. Docket no. EPA-HQ-TRI-2005– 0073.

99. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxics Release Inventory burden reduction final rule. Fed. Reg. 2006;71(246):76932– 45.

100. Downey K. U.S. drops report on mass layoffs. Washington Post. January 2, 2003:D11.

101. Schemo DJ. Nation’s charter schools lagging behind, U.S. test scores reveal. New York Times. August 17, 2004.

102. Schemo DJ. U.S. cutting back on details in data about charter schools. New York Times. August 29, 2004.

103. Krugman P. The great wealth transfer. Rolling Stone. November 30, 2006.

104. Glasser SB. Annual terror report won’t include numbers. Washington Post. April 19, 2005:A17.

105. Rood J. Bush admin won’t release Iraq attack numbers. TPM Muckraker.com [blog]. Available at: http://www.tpmmuckraker.com/archives/002169.php. Accessed in July 2007.

106. Levey NN, Zavis A. U.S. drops Baghdad electricity reports. Los Angeles Times. July 27, 2007.

107. Mervis J. Climate sensors dropped from U.S. weather satellite package. Science. 2006;312(5780):1580.

108. Mervis J. NOAA loses funding to gather long-term climate data. Science. 2005;307(5707):188.